Heartworm disease – Overview, intervention, and industry perspective

Heartworm Disease in Dogs

The life cycle begins when a female mosquito bites an infected dog and ingests the microfilariae during a blood meal. The microfilariae develop further for 10 30 days in the mosquito's gut and then enter its mouthparts. At this stage, they are infective larvae and can complete their maturation when they enter a dog. The infective larvae enter the dog's body when the mosquito bites the dog. They...

Canine Heartworm Disease

An overview of Betanodavirus and perspective of Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) disease in Iranian southern waters

The Persian Gulf and its shores are important and strategic areas with a large variety of fish species. Betanodavirus infection is known to be a serious threat to susceptible fish and causing economic damages to the fisheries and fishing industry. Concerning to isolation and confirmation of VNN virus in the Mullet fish (Chelon aurata and C. saliens) in the Caspian Sea and its damages on Mullet ...

Emerging issues in heartworm disease

C anine and feline heartworm diagnostic methodologies as well as treatment and prevention strategies have changed considerably during the previous decade.We have experienced an unprecedented increase in numbers and kinds of available medications and diagnostic aids, and the capabilities of pet owners to acquire information of both a technical and lay nature. This can be both beneficial and detr...

Focus on Canine Heartworm Disease

The ingested microfilariae develop into the infective third-stage larvae (L3) after several molts. These L3 migrate to the mosquito head and mouthparts where they are deposited in hemolymph onto mammalian skin during subsequent blood meals. After the deposited L3 enter the host through the mosquito bite wound, they molt to fourth-stage larvae (L4). The L4 then migrate through the tissues toward...